It looks at the web of interconnected activities, individuals, institutions, and communities that operate together for a common goal. Jun 20, 2011 the brainchild of a handful of academics, freethinking state department bureaucrats, and public intellectuals in the 1970s, track ii diplomacy grew out of the observation that private. Reviewed by jason quinn published on hdiplo february, 2016 commissioned by seth o. The exact boundaries of these categories are not clear, as the terms have evolved even as they have been brought to bear. An institute for citizen diplomacy has convened influencers from countries in conflict in immersive workshops and conferences to stimulate discussions, forge relationships and activate networks. In a world where traditional interstate diplomacy often misses critical dynamics of global affairs, such as the influences of religion and culture, there are increasing calls to buttress, or bypass altogether, traditional diplomacy in favor of societycentered track two. This paper is based on the authors document consequential conflict transformation model, and the complementarity of track one, track one and a half, and track two diplomacy written for, and presented at the carter center in the summer of 2000 as part of the graduate assistantship project for the conflict resolution program. Track ii diplomacy or backchannel diplomacy is the practice of nongovernmental, informal.
Track two diplomacy in the middle east and south asia this monograph expands and updates previous work the author has conducted in the area of track two diplomacy, including rethink ing track two diplomacy. This section is dedicated to the development of citizen based or track two galactic diplomacy. But such assumptions about the power of track two diplomacy have rarely been systematically assessed through empirical analysis. The meeting establishes the blueprint for track ii diplomacy, from the cast of characters a mix of academics and exofficials to its agenda. However, tracktwo diplomacy is an excellent complement to the official process and can be quite helpful when government dialogues come to a standstill. Track two diplomacy in the middle east and south asia rand. Evaluating the contributions of tracktwo diplomacy to conflict termination in south africa, 198490 daniel lieberfeld department of government and legal studies, bowdoin college this article evaluates the political impact of three nonofficial, tracktwo initiatives aimed at resolving the conflict in. Track two diplomacy in theory and practice ebook gvn store. It is also referred to as people to people diplomacy. Track two diplomacy unofficial contact and interaction aimed at resolving conflicts is a growing field that not only can support track one government efforts but can also play an important role in its own right, say the authors. As a result the paper cites the carter center frequently as. From theory to practice the term two track diplomacy was introduced for the first time by joseph. These unofficial contacts can include dialogues and exchanges between influential nongovernmental. Evaluating the contributions of tracktwo diplomacy to.
Keywords cooperation between track one and track two diplomacy, complementarity, turkish diplomats introduction uno. Conflict resolution and prevention efforts must involve both. This is a process whereby individuals and groups with no official government standing can establish contact and communications with extraterrestrial races in ways that promote peace, fraternity and cooperation between humanity and extraterrestrial races. But the fullest description of its meaning appears in my chapter of the state departments book on the subject, conflict resolution. Gp capt ms deshpande retd track ii diplomacy track ii diplomacy is a specific kind of informal diplomacy, in which nonofficials academic scholars, retired civil and military officials, public figures, and social activists engage in dialogue, with the aim of conflict resolution, or confidencebuilding. Pdf this work provides a descriptive discussion for one of the new conflict resolution approaches, tracktwo diplomacy.
A century of international philanthropy publicaffairs, 2014, pp. Official discussions typically involving highlevel political and military leaders and focusing on cease. Perhaps the most insightful analysis of the track two phenomenon is peter jones track two diplomacy in theory and practice, noteworthy in part because shultz commissioned the book. Official discussions typically involving highlevel political and military leaders and focusing on ceasefires, peace talks, and treaties and other agreements. Download a pdf of scientists, engineers, and tracktwo diplomacy by the national research council for free.
Despite their different perspectives, the books two israeli and two palestinian authors are able to reach shared conclusions about the effectiveness and consequences of trackii talks. Track 2 diplomacy powerpoint presentation free download as powerpoint presentation. It was a triumph of track ii diplomacy, the bulletin of the atomic scientists later writes. Track three diplomacy is therefore an initiative that operates.
Ultimately, trackone diplomacy is necessary for structuring and institutionalizing the peacemaking process. Track two diplomacy and jerusalem is the first in a series of three books which collectively present the work of the jerusalem old city initiative, or joci, a major canadianled track two diplomatic effort, undertaken between 2003 and 2014. Track two diplomacy consists of informal dialogues among actors such as academics, religious leaders, retired senior officials, and ngo officials that can bring new ideas and new relationships to the official process of diplomacy. But such assumptions about the power of track two diplomacy have rarely been. The term public diplomacy is of special relevance to this volume as it is the central. The brainchild of a handful of academics, freethinking state department bureaucrats, and public intellectuals in the 1970s, track ii diplomacy. Such meetings would not qualify as track two, according to one of the criteria. The following section examines a series of limitations, which significantly impede the ability of track two dialogues to influence regional security thinking and policy in new directions. Although it is often implicitly assumed by track two practitioners that track two efforts are complementary to official negotiations and are welcomed by official actors, little is known about the actual perceptions of these efforts by.
Unofficial policy discourse, or track two diplomacy, is an increasingly important part of the changing international security landscape, with the potential to raise new ideas and solutions to conflicts that, over time, may influence official policy. Huge changes are taking place in international diplomacy which have created an opening and a certain appreciation for the contributions that can be made by private citizens to international peacemaking. Track ii diplomacy or backchannel diplomacy is the practice of nongovernmental, informal and unofficial contacts and activities between private citizens or groups of individuals, sometimes called nonstate actors. The most common forms of diplomacy in conflict resolution are track one, track two and multi track diplomacy. Track two diplomacy is a process designed to assist official leadersby exploring possible solutions out ofthe public view and without the requirements of formal negotiation or bargaining for advantage.
Development, security, and cooperation national research council keck 547 500. The term track two diplomacy first appeared in print in a foreign policy column that i coauthored with psychiatrist william d. Oct 27, 2017 perhaps the most insightful analysis of the track two phenomenon is peter jones track two diplomacy in theory and practice, noteworthy in part because shultz commissioned the book. The autonomy dilemma of track two diplomacy in southeast. Multi track diplomacy is a concept developed and put into practice by louise diamond and myself, cofounders of the institute for multi track diplomacy. The concept and practice of track two diplomacy as a conflict resolution and conflict prevention approach or. While differing in emphasis, agenda, and theoretical approach, these initiatives share many common goals. Multitrack diplomacy is the strategy of operating on several tracks simultaneously both in terms of groups and also issues of. This is the longterm unofficial facilitated joint analysis among negotiators, lufjaan for short, that conflict management group conducted january 1996, may 1996, june 1997, and july 1998 nan.
Official diplomacy such as track one t1 involves state and official actors. Track one diplomacy is usually considered to be the primary peacemaking tool of a states foreign policy. More recently, however, scholars have delineated several levels of diplomacy. It contrasts with track i diplomacy, which is official, governmental diplomacy that occur inside official government. Sadly, those involved in official diplomacy often have little understanding of and appreciation for the complex and. Carter exemplifies the rise in track ii circles of what might be called the track 1. The term track two was coined by joseph montville, who distinguished traditional diplomatic activities track one diplomacy from unofficial, informal interaction between members of adversarial groups or nations with the goals of developing strategies, influencing public opinions and organizing human and material resources in ways that might. The autonomy dilemma of track two diplomacy in southeast asia. These networks have in turn established formal partnerships in healthcare, peacebuilding, space exploration, literature, journalism, and the visual and performing arts. I conclude here with some words from the former secretary of states forward to the study that have special meaning for me. The last twenty years have seen track two actors non governmental and unofficial groups and individuals play a wide variety of roles visavis armed groups and. This is an extract from the first chapter of galactic diplomacy. Multitrack diplomacy is the strategy of operating on several tracks simultaneously both in terms of groups and also issues of conflicts including official and unofficial conflict resolution. Track ii diplomacy, on the other hand, involves almost entirely unofficial contacts.
Snapshot also known as track ii, second track, tracktwo 1. Timo kivimaki at nias for advice on literature on track 2 diplomacy, for suggestions in the early stage of the writing, and for inviting me to an asem conference on lessons on peace processes. At the intergroup or international level, the term encompasses a number of different terms. Track two diplomacy consists of informal dialogues among actors such as academics, religious leaders, retired senior officials, and ngo officials that can. Diplomacy by nick youngson track ii diplomacy with. The institute of multi track diplomacy s model of multi track diplomacy defines track two as peacemaking by conflict resolution professionals and ngos, with a number of other tracks from track three peacemaking through commerce or business through to track nine peacemaking through the media and information having a role. The concept is an expansion of the original distinction made by joseph montville in 1982, between track one official, governmental action and track two unofficial, nongovernmental action.
Track one and a half diplomacy track one and a half is a term that has been used in conversations by many people in conflict resolution. Feb 23, 2016 track two diplomacy consists of informal dialogues among actors such as academics, religious leaders, retired senior officials, and ngo officials that can bring new ideas and new relationships to. Introduction the lack of peoples involvement in the struggle to build a new social order makes any peacemaking process unstable, fragile and vulnerable. An early example of track ii was the dartmouth conference, which brought together americans and soviets in 1960 after the breakdown of the 1959 eisenhowerkhrushchev summit. Track one and a half diplomacy and the complementarity of tracks pdf. Evaluating the contributions of track two diplomacy to conflict termination in south africa, 198490 daniel lieberfeld department of government and legal studies, bowdoin college this article evaluates the political impact of three nonofficial, track two initiatives aimed at resolving the conflict in south africa. It is also found that combined mediation efforts of both official and unofficial tracks can be more effective than independent track actions. Multitrack diplomacy is a concept developed and put into the concept is an expansion of the original distinction made by joseph montville in 1982, between track one official, governmental action and track two unofficial, nongovernmental action approaches to conflict resolution.
The future of tracktwo diplomacy berkley center for. Unofficial diplomatic intervention is formed by track two diplomacy t2 and track oneandahalf diplomacy t1. Multitrack diplomacy is a conceptual way to view the process of international peacemaking as a living system. This article provides a snapshot of diplomatic thinking about track iinonofficial diplomacy, from interviews with distinguished american diplomats. Oct 11, 2010 the term track ii diplomacy refers to frank, offtherecord interactions often between members of adversarial countries outside of official negotiations. Different levels of diplomacy track 1, track 2, track 3. Montville t hese are good times for the concept of track two diplomacy, the unofficial. Track two diplomacy a distinct conflict intervention category. Book description track two diplomacy and jerusalem is the first in a series of three books which collectively present the work of the jerusalem old city initiative, or joci, a major canadianled track two diplomatic effort, undertaken between 2003 and 2014. An institute for citizen diplomacy brings influencers from countries in conflict together in immersive conferences and workshops to address problems and opportunities that shift perceptions and lead to a more just, peaceful and enriched world. The relationship between track one and track two diplomacy aws.
The relationship between track one and track two diplomacy. This paper presents track three diplomacy which has been overlooked by most leaders in the world. This process is designed to complement official or track. Track two diplomacy seeks political formulas or scenarios that. When most people think of diplomacy, they think of official contact between government representatives, also known as track i diplomacy. International standard book number 0309090938 book international standard book number 0309527996 pdf a limited number of copies of this report are available from.
What is the meaning and usefulness of track 1, track 2, track. The institute of multitrack diplomacys model of multitrack diplomacy defines track two as peacemaking by conflict resolution professionals and ngos, with a number of other tracks from track three peacemaking through commerce or business through to track nine peacemaking through the media and information having a role. It is carried out by diplomats, highranking government. What is the meaning and usefulness of track 1, track 2. Pdf track two diplomacy from a track one perspective. Track ii diplomacy or backchannel diplomacy is the practice of non governmental, informal. The whitehead journal of diplomacy and international relations track two diplomacy. The future of tracktwo diplomacy in a world where traditional interstate diplomacy often misses critical dynamics of global affairs, such as the influences of religion and culture, there are increasing calls to buttress, or bypass altogether, traditional diplomacy in favor of societycentered tracktwo diplomacy. The middle east and south asia kaye, 2005 and track two diplomacy and regional security in the middle east. Traditionally, the term diplomacy referred to interaction between nationstates.
Search for common ground has been organizing exchanges in the areas of sports, film, the environment and health. The effectiveness of tracks of diplomacy strategies in. Getting to yes with et 20 where i examine the key principles of galactic diplomacy at the unofficial level, as a form of track two or citizen diplomacy aimed at establishing. Track ii diplomacy is a specific kind of informal diplomacy, in which nonofficials academic scholars, retired civil and military officials, public figures, and social activists engage in dialogue, with the aim of conflict resolution, or confidencebuilding. The most common forms of diplomacy in conflict resolution are track one, track two and multitrack diplomacy. Such dialogues, it is said, can address issues and. This sort of diplomacy is especially useful after events which can be interpreted in a number of different ways, both parties recognize. Track ii diplomacy not only makes a valuable contribution to the historical record of arabisraeli diplomacy but also offers insights into the role of informal.
T2 encompasses unofficial, informal interaction between members of adversarial groupsornations. In the conflict resolution realm, track ii peacemaking or diplomacy has become increasingly. Then the paper defines track one and a half diplomacy, gives its strengths and weaknesses, and finally presents a model that shows the position of the three levels of diplomacy and how they can complement each other. Nongovernmental strategies for peace by james notter and john mcdonald institute for multi track diplomacy track two diplomacy unofficial contact and interaction aimed at resolving conflicts is a growing field that not only can support track one. Through an examination of regional security track two e. The effectiveness of tracks of diplomacy strategies in third. Track 2 diplomacy powerpoint presentation diplomacy. The role of citizen diplomacy with extraterrestrial civilizations. The whitehead journal of diplomacy and international relations. The next section turns to the question of why the middle east and south asia are useful examples and, more generally, why a regional approach to track two diplomacy is constructive.
An exploration through tracktwo diplomacy this simulation focuses on the conflict in chechnya and provides an opportunity to take part in a problemsolving workshop involving russian and chechen representatives of civil society. Track two diplomacy in theory and practice peter jones. Another form of track ii diplomacy is citizentocitizen exchanges that focus on nonpolitical aspects of u. Rethinking track two diplomacy peace palace library. Trackii diplomacy not only makes a valuable contribution to the historical record of arabisraeli diplomacy but also offers insights into the role of informal. It contrasts with track i diplomacy, which is official, governmental diplomacy that occur inside official government channels. Despite their different perspectives, the books two israeli and two palestinian authors are able to reach shared conclusions about the effectiveness and consequences of track ii talks. Track one diplomacy, that is, efforts by official actors, tends to be the most effective form of intervention as greater leverage and more resources invested can make track intervention more effective. The nature of track three diplomacy and its influence on. Relying on theory, the first part of this article explores the interplay of official track one and unofficial track two diplomacy efforts. Sadly, those involved in official diplomacy often have little understanding of and appreciation for the complex and nuanced role that track two can play, or for its.
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